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Geotextiles are perfect materials for roads, landfills, ports, drainage structures, and other civil projects. When it is necessary to take pulling water, the nonwoven geotextiles are the best option. They are used in the separation and filter applications. They are made by bonding synthetic fibers or materials together which is done by chemical or heat, needle punching or other methods. The demand of knitted geotextile is increasing in our Asian subcontinent. These geotextiles are easy to handle and their cost of transportation is low. The demand of knitted geotextile is less but is increasing day by day due to its light weight. It shows strong mechanical properties whose main functions are reinforcement, separation and filtration. The most preferable geotextiles which is used in 70% of the cases is Woven geotextiles which are textile materials consisting of planar structure by using an interweaving number of threads (both warp and weft). It is UV resistant and has a great heat seaming resistance. Polyethylene: Polyethylene is used in case of only woven coated geotextiles. The choice of polymers depend on strength, creep behavior, fabric structure & finishing parameters. Nylon 6 and Nylon 6:6 are used to make it. Polyamide: Polyamide is essential for making traditional geotextiles. Polyester fabric is very cheap, and it is found from PET chips or plastics The disadvantage of polyester is hydraulic degradation in soils over pH10. This is applicable when geotextiles require high stresses and bluff temperatures. Polyester: Polyester is used as geotextiles because of its superior creep resistance and tenacity values. It has poor creep and mineral resistance. Polypropylene are, it is very much sensitive to UV rays and high temperature. Polypropylene has low density that’s why it has low cost per unit of volume. Polypropylene: The most used polymer for the manufacturing of geotextiles on account of its low cost, suitable tensile properties and chemical inertness is polypropylene. The four polymeric families acknowledged as raw materials for geosynthetics are: The synthetic or man–made fibers used for geotextiles are called geosynthetics. Geotextiles which are produced from natural fibers are used mainly for temporary applications as they are biodegradable and of low cost. The important natural fibers which are used in making geotextiles are jute, sisal, flax, hemp, abaca, ramie, and coir. They have high strength, high modulus, low breaking extension and low elasticity. They are collected from plant, animal, and mineral origins. Natural fibers have some properties which help in the making of geotextiles. Typically geotextiles can be divided into two main categories: Fiber based geotextiles & Fabric based Geotextiles. Around the 1960’s manmade geotextiles started to become globally popular. Other developed countries like the USA started using geotextiles especially to prevent soil erosion. Netherland was the first country to initiate the development of man–made geotextiles in 1953 through the “Delta” project to save the country from the ravages of floods generated from the North Sea. To overcome the soil related problem, technologists thought of making fabrics from manmade materials such as polyamide, polyethylene to improve soil strength and behavior. The mixing type or blending type of geotextiles began during the 1950’s after the invention of polymeric materials. Woven mats made of reeds which were used in Babylonia was actually a geotextile. The introduction of geotextiles was established in China and Kerala of this subcontinent. Geotextiles were originally intended to be an alternative to granular soil filters for which it was also known as filter fabrics.
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It is newly emerging in civil engineering and other fields, which offers great potential in varied areas of applications globally.Ĭoncept and Different Categories of Geotextiles It is made by natural fibers or manmade fibers and can also be created by blending both natural and manmade fibers. Geotextiles are natural or polymer fabrics which are used in the construction of roads, drains, harbor works, breakwaters, land reclamation, and many other civil engineering purposes and have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain when used in association with soil. Mitali Saha Assistant Relationship Manager, Corporate Division